refactor: gpu webgl fallback and batched command encoding

Made-with: Cursor

8 files changed, 439 insertions, 125 deletions

diff --git a/rust/crates/effects/src/pipeline.rs b/rust/crates/effects/src/pipeline.rs
index 58692bde..1ea49053 100644
--- a/rust/crates/effects/src/pipeline.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/effects/src/pipeline.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
-use gpu::{FULLSCREEN_SHADER_SOURCE, GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT, GpuContext};
+use gpu::{FULLSCREEN_SHADER_SOURCE, GpuContext};
 use thiserror::Error;
 use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ impl EffectPipeline {
                         module: &gaussian_blur_shader_module,
                         entry_point: Some("fragment_main"),
                         targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
-                            format: GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT,
+                            format: context.texture_format(),
                             blend: None,
                             write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
                         })],
@@ -150,6 +150,37 @@ impl EffectPipeline {
             passes,
         }: ApplyEffectsOptions<'_>,
     ) -> Result<wgpu::Texture, EffectsError> {
+        let mut encoder =
+            context
+                .device()
+                .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+                    label: Some("effects-command-encoder"),
+                });
+        let output = self.apply_with_encoder(
+            context,
+            &mut encoder,
+            ApplyEffectsOptions {
+                source,
+                width,
+                height,
+                passes,
+            },
+        )?;
+        context.queue().submit([encoder.finish()]);
+        Ok(output)
+    }
+
+    pub fn apply_with_encoder(
+        &self,
+        context: &GpuContext,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        ApplyEffectsOptions {
+            source,
+            width,
+            height,
+            passes,
+        }: ApplyEffectsOptions<'_>,
+    ) -> Result<wgpu::Texture, EffectsError> {
         let mut current_texture: Option<wgpu::Texture> = None;
 
         for pass in passes {
@@ -199,12 +230,6 @@ impl EffectPipeline {
                     shader: pass.shader.clone(),
                 }
             })?;
-            let mut encoder =
-                context
-                    .device()
-                    .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
-                        label: Some("effects-command-encoder"),
-                    });
 
             {
                 let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
@@ -230,7 +255,6 @@ impl EffectPipeline {
                 render_pass.draw(0..6, 0..1);
             }
 
-            context.queue().submit([encoder.finish()]);
             current_texture = Some(output_texture);
         }
 
diff --git a/rust/crates/gpu/Cargo.toml b/rust/crates/gpu/Cargo.toml
index 4be1e8d6..4ee7571e 100644
--- a/rust/crates/gpu/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/crates/gpu/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ bytemuck = { version = "1.25.0", features = ["derive"] }
 thiserror = "2.0.18"
 wgpu = "29.0.1"
 
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies]
+wasm-bindgen = "0.2.116"
+web-sys = { version = "0.3.93", features = ["Document", "Window", "HtmlCanvasElement", "OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2d", "ImageData"] }
+
 [features]
 default = []
-wasm = []
+wasm = ["wgpu/webgl"]
diff --git a/rust/crates/gpu/src/context.rs b/rust/crates/gpu/src/context.rs
index 1526a67d..e72a959b 100644
--- a/rust/crates/gpu/src/context.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/gpu/src/context.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,21 @@
 use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
 
-use crate::{FULLSCREEN_SHADER_SOURCE, GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT, GpuError};
+#[cfg(all(feature = "wasm", target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
+
+use crate::{FULLSCREEN_SHADER_SOURCE, GpuError};
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "wasm", target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct WebDisplay;
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "wasm", target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+impl wgpu::rwh::HasDisplayHandle for WebDisplay {
+    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<wgpu::rwh::DisplayHandle<'_>, wgpu::rwh::HandleError> {
+        let raw = wgpu::rwh::WebDisplayHandle::new();
+        Ok(unsafe { wgpu::rwh::DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(raw.into()) })
+    }
+}
 
 const BLIT_SHADER_SOURCE: &str = include_str!("shaders/blit.wgsl");
 
@@ -18,35 +33,23 @@ pub struct GpuContext {
     adapter: wgpu::Adapter,
     device: wgpu::Device,
     queue: wgpu::Queue,
+    texture_format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
     fullscreen_quad: wgpu::Buffer,
     linear_sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
     nearest_sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
     texture_sampler_bind_group_layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
     blit_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
+    supports_external_texture_copies: bool,
 }
 
 impl GpuContext {
     pub async fn new() -> Result<Self, GpuError> {
-        let instance = wgpu::Instance::default();
-        let adapter = instance
-            .request_adapter(&wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
-                power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
-                compatible_surface: None,
-                force_fallback_adapter: false,
-            })
-            .await
-            .map_err(|_| GpuError::AdapterUnavailable)?;
-        let (device, queue) = adapter
-            .request_device(&wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
-                label: Some("gpu-device"),
-                required_features: wgpu::Features::empty(),
-                required_limits: wgpu::Limits::downlevel_webgl2_defaults()
-                    .using_resolution(adapter.limits()),
-                memory_hints: wgpu::MemoryHints::Performance,
-                experimental_features: wgpu::ExperimentalFeatures::disabled(),
-                trace: wgpu::Trace::Off,
-            })
-            .await?;
+        let (instance, adapter, device, queue) = Self::acquire_device().await?;
+        let texture_format = if adapter.get_info().backend == wgpu::Backend::Gl {
+            wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm
+        } else {
+            wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm
+        };
         let fullscreen_quad = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
             label: Some("gpu-fullscreen-quad-buffer"),
             contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&FULLSCREEN_QUAD_POSITIONS),
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ impl GpuContext {
                 module: &blit_shader_module,
                 entry_point: Some("fragment_main"),
                 targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
-                    format: GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT,
+                    format: texture_format,
                     blend: None,
                     write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
                 })],
@@ -141,19 +144,99 @@ impl GpuContext {
             cache: None,
         });
 
+        let supports_external_texture_copies = adapter
+            .get_downlevel_capabilities()
+            .flags
+            .contains(wgpu::DownlevelFlags::UNRESTRICTED_EXTERNAL_TEXTURE_COPIES);
+
         Ok(Self {
             instance,
             adapter,
             device,
             queue,
+            texture_format,
             fullscreen_quad,
             linear_sampler,
             nearest_sampler,
             texture_sampler_bind_group_layout,
             blit_pipeline,
+            supports_external_texture_copies,
         })
     }
 
+    async fn acquire_device()
+    -> Result<(wgpu::Instance, wgpu::Adapter, wgpu::Device, wgpu::Queue), GpuError> {
+        let instance = wgpu::util::new_instance_with_webgpu_detection(
+            wgpu::InstanceDescriptor::new_without_display_handle(),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        match Self::try_request_device(&instance, None).await {
+            Ok((adapter, device, queue)) => return Ok((instance, adapter, device, queue)),
+            Err(_) => {}
+        }
+
+        Self::try_gl_fallback().await
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "wasm", target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    async fn try_gl_fallback()
+    -> Result<(wgpu::Instance, wgpu::Adapter, wgpu::Device, wgpu::Queue), GpuError> {
+        let mut gl_desc = wgpu::InstanceDescriptor::new_without_display_handle();
+        gl_desc.backends = wgpu::Backends::GL;
+        gl_desc.display = Some(Box::new(WebDisplay));
+        let gl_instance = wgpu::Instance::new(gl_desc);
+
+        let document = web_sys::window()
+            .and_then(|w| w.document())
+            .ok_or(GpuError::AdapterUnavailable)?;
+        let canvas: web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement = document
+            .create_element("canvas")
+            .map_err(|_| GpuError::AdapterUnavailable)?
+            .unchecked_into();
+        canvas.set_width(1);
+        canvas.set_height(1);
+        let surface = gl_instance.create_surface(wgpu::SurfaceTarget::Canvas(canvas))?;
+
+        let (adapter, device, queue) =
+            Self::try_request_device(&gl_instance, Some(&surface)).await?;
+        Ok((gl_instance, adapter, device, queue))
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(all(feature = "wasm", target_arch = "wasm32")))]
+    async fn try_gl_fallback()
+    -> Result<(wgpu::Instance, wgpu::Adapter, wgpu::Device, wgpu::Queue), GpuError> {
+        Err(GpuError::AdapterUnavailable)
+    }
+
+    async fn try_request_device(
+        instance: &wgpu::Instance,
+        compatible_surface: Option<&wgpu::Surface<'_>>,
+    ) -> Result<(wgpu::Adapter, wgpu::Device, wgpu::Queue), GpuError> {
+        let adapter = instance
+            .request_adapter(&wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
+                power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
+                compatible_surface,
+                force_fallback_adapter: false,
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| GpuError::AdapterUnavailable)?;
+
+        let (device, queue) = adapter
+            .request_device(&wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
+                label: Some("gpu-device"),
+                required_features: wgpu::Features::empty(),
+                required_limits: wgpu::Limits::downlevel_webgl2_defaults()
+                    .using_resolution(adapter.limits()),
+                memory_hints: wgpu::MemoryHints::Performance,
+                experimental_features: wgpu::ExperimentalFeatures::disabled(),
+                trace: wgpu::Trace::Off,
+            })
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok((adapter, device, queue))
+    }
+
     pub fn create_render_texture(
         &self,
         width: u32,
@@ -170,7 +253,7 @@ impl GpuContext {
             mip_level_count: 1,
             sample_count: 1,
             dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
-            format: GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT,
+            format: self.texture_format,
             usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING
                 | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST
                 | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_SRC
@@ -195,6 +278,10 @@ impl GpuContext {
         &self.queue
     }
 
+    pub fn texture_format(&self) -> wgpu::TextureFormat {
+        self.texture_format
+    }
+
     pub fn fullscreen_quad(&self) -> &wgpu::Buffer {
         &self.fullscreen_quad
     }
@@ -211,6 +298,10 @@ impl GpuContext {
         &self.texture_sampler_bind_group_layout
     }
 
+    pub fn blit_pipeline(&self) -> &wgpu::RenderPipeline {
+        &self.blit_pipeline
+    }
+
     pub fn render_texture_to_surface(
         &self,
         texture: &wgpu::Texture,
@@ -218,29 +309,61 @@ impl GpuContext {
         width: u32,
         height: u32,
     ) -> Result<(), GpuError> {
+        self.configure_surface(surface, width, height)?;
+        let surface_texture = self.acquire_surface_texture(surface)?;
+        let target_view = surface_texture
+            .texture
+            .create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+        let mut encoder = self
+            .device
+            .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+                label: Some("gpu-surface-blit-encoder"),
+            });
+        self.encode_texture_blit_to_view(&mut encoder, texture, &target_view, "gpu-surface-blit");
+        self.queue.submit([encoder.finish()]);
+        surface_texture.present();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn configure_surface(
+        &self,
+        surface: &wgpu::Surface<'_>,
+        width: u32,
+        height: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), GpuError> {
         let Some(config) = surface.get_default_config(&self.adapter, width, height) else {
             return Err(GpuError::UnsupportedSurfaceFormat);
         };
-        if config.format != GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT {
+        if config.format != self.texture_format {
             return Err(GpuError::UnsupportedSurfaceFormat);
         }
         surface.configure(&self.device, &config);
+        Ok(())
+    }
 
-        let surface_texture = match surface.get_current_texture() {
+    pub fn acquire_surface_texture(
+        &self,
+        surface: &wgpu::Surface<'_>,
+    ) -> Result<wgpu::SurfaceTexture, GpuError> {
+        match surface.get_current_texture() {
             wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Success(surface_texture)
-            | wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Suboptimal(surface_texture) => surface_texture,
+            | wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Suboptimal(surface_texture) => Ok(surface_texture),
             wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Timeout
             | wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Occluded
             | wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Outdated
             | wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Lost
-            | wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Validation => {
-                return Err(GpuError::UnsupportedSurfaceFormat);
-            }
-        };
+            | wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Validation => Err(GpuError::UnsupportedSurfaceFormat),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn encode_texture_blit_to_view(
+        &self,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        texture: &wgpu::Texture,
+        target_view: &wgpu::TextureView,
+        label: &'static str,
+    ) {
         let source_view = texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
-        let target_view = surface_texture
-            .texture
-            .create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
         let bind_group = self.device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
             label: Some("gpu-blit-bind-group"),
             layout: &self.texture_sampler_bind_group_layout,
@@ -255,38 +378,27 @@ impl GpuContext {
                 },
             ],
         });
-        let mut encoder = self
-            .device
-            .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
-                label: Some("gpu-surface-blit-encoder"),
-            });
 
-        {
-            let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
-                label: Some("gpu-surface-blit-pass"),
-                color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
-                    view: &target_view,
-                    resolve_target: None,
-                    depth_slice: None,
-                    ops: wgpu::Operations {
-                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::TRANSPARENT),
-                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
-                    },
-                })],
-                depth_stencil_attachment: None,
-                occlusion_query_set: None,
-                timestamp_writes: None,
-                multiview_mask: None,
-            });
-            render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.blit_pipeline);
-            render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.fullscreen_quad.slice(..));
-            render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &bind_group, &[]);
-            render_pass.draw(0..6, 0..1);
-        }
-
-        self.queue.submit([encoder.finish()]);
-        surface_texture.present();
-        Ok(())
+        let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+            label: Some(label),
+            color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                view: target_view,
+                resolve_target: None,
+                depth_slice: None,
+                ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::TRANSPARENT),
+                    store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                },
+            })],
+            depth_stencil_attachment: None,
+            occlusion_query_set: None,
+            timestamp_writes: None,
+            multiview_mask: None,
+        });
+        render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.blit_pipeline);
+        render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.fullscreen_quad.slice(..));
+        render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &bind_group, &[]);
+        render_pass.draw(0..6, 0..1);
     }
 
     #[cfg(all(feature = "wasm", target_arch = "wasm32"))]
@@ -298,26 +410,71 @@ impl GpuContext {
         label: &'static str,
     ) -> wgpu::Texture {
         let texture = self.create_render_texture(width, height, label);
-        self.queue.copy_external_image_to_texture(
-            &wgpu::CopyExternalImageSourceInfo {
-                source: wgpu::ExternalImageSource::OffscreenCanvas(canvas.clone()),
-                origin: wgpu::Origin2d::ZERO,
-                flip_y: true,
-            },
-            wgpu::CopyExternalImageDestInfo {
-                texture: &texture,
-                mip_level: 0,
-                origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
-                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
-                color_space: wgpu::PredefinedColorSpace::Srgb,
-                premultiplied_alpha: false,
-            },
-            wgpu::Extent3d {
-                width,
-                height,
-                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
-            },
-        );
+
+        if self.supports_external_texture_copies {
+            self.queue.copy_external_image_to_texture(
+                &wgpu::CopyExternalImageSourceInfo {
+                    source: wgpu::ExternalImageSource::OffscreenCanvas(canvas.clone()),
+                    origin: wgpu::Origin2d::ZERO,
+                    flip_y: false,
+                },
+                wgpu::CopyExternalImageDestInfo {
+                    texture: &texture,
+                    mip_level: 0,
+                    origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+                    aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+                    color_space: wgpu::PredefinedColorSpace::Srgb,
+                    premultiplied_alpha: false,
+                },
+                wgpu::Extent3d {
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                    depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+                },
+            );
+        } else {
+            let ctx: web_sys::OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2d = canvas
+                .get_context("2d")
+                .ok()
+                .flatten()
+                .expect("Failed to get 2d context for texture import")
+                .unchecked_into();
+            let image_data = ctx
+                .get_image_data(0.0, 0.0, width as f64, height as f64)
+                .expect("Failed to read pixel data from canvas");
+            let rgba_bytes = image_data.data();
+
+            let pixel_bytes = if self.texture_format == wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm {
+                let mut bytes = rgba_bytes.to_vec();
+                for pixel in bytes.chunks_exact_mut(4) {
+                    pixel.swap(0, 2);
+                }
+                bytes
+            } else {
+                rgba_bytes.to_vec()
+            };
+
+            self.queue.write_texture(
+                wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
+                    texture: &texture,
+                    mip_level: 0,
+                    origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+                    aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+                },
+                &pixel_bytes,
+                wgpu::TexelCopyBufferLayout {
+                    offset: 0,
+                    bytes_per_row: Some(width * 4),
+                    rows_per_image: Some(height),
+                },
+                wgpu::Extent3d {
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                    depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+                },
+            );
+        }
+
         texture
     }
 
@@ -329,9 +486,89 @@ impl GpuContext {
         width: u32,
         height: u32,
     ) -> Result<(), GpuError> {
-        let surface = self
-            .instance
-            .create_surface(wgpu::SurfaceTarget::OffscreenCanvas(canvas.clone()))?;
-        self.render_texture_to_surface(texture, &surface, width, height)
+        if self.supports_external_texture_copies {
+            let surface = self
+                .instance
+                .create_surface(wgpu::SurfaceTarget::OffscreenCanvas(canvas.clone()))?;
+            return self.render_texture_to_surface(texture, &surface, width, height);
+        }
+
+        self.readback_texture_to_offscreen_canvas(texture, canvas, width, height)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "wasm", target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    fn readback_texture_to_offscreen_canvas(
+        &self,
+        texture: &wgpu::Texture,
+        canvas: &wgpu::web_sys::OffscreenCanvas,
+        width: u32,
+        height: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), GpuError> {
+        let buffer_size = (width * height * 4) as u64;
+        let buffer = self.device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("gpu-readback-buffer"),
+            size: buffer_size,
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST | wgpu::BufferUsages::MAP_READ,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
+
+        let mut encoder = self
+            .device
+            .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+                label: Some("gpu-readback-encoder"),
+            });
+        encoder.copy_texture_to_buffer(
+            wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
+                texture,
+                mip_level: 0,
+                origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+            },
+            wgpu::TexelCopyBufferInfo {
+                buffer: &buffer,
+                layout: wgpu::TexelCopyBufferLayout {
+                    offset: 0,
+                    bytes_per_row: Some(width * 4),
+                    rows_per_image: Some(height),
+                },
+            },
+            wgpu::Extent3d {
+                width,
+                height,
+                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+            },
+        );
+        self.queue.submit([encoder.finish()]);
+
+        let slice = buffer.slice(..);
+        slice.map_async(wgpu::MapMode::Read, |_| {});
+        let _ = self.device.poll(wgpu::PollType::wait_indefinitely());
+
+        let data = slice.get_mapped_range();
+        let mut rgba_bytes = data.to_vec();
+        drop(data);
+        buffer.unmap();
+
+        if self.texture_format == wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm {
+            for pixel in rgba_bytes.chunks_exact_mut(4) {
+                pixel.swap(0, 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let clamped = wasm_bindgen::Clamped(&rgba_bytes[..]);
+        let image_data =
+            web_sys::ImageData::new_with_u8_clamped_array_and_sh(clamped, width, height)
+                .map_err(|_| GpuError::AdapterUnavailable)?;
+
+        let ctx: web_sys::OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2d = canvas
+            .get_context("2d")
+            .ok()
+            .flatten()
+            .ok_or(GpuError::AdapterUnavailable)?
+            .unchecked_into();
+        ctx.put_image_data(&image_data, 0.0, 0.0)
+            .map_err(|_| GpuError::AdapterUnavailable)?;
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/rust/crates/gpu/src/shaders/fullscreen.wgsl b/rust/crates/gpu/src/shaders/fullscreen.wgsl
index 1ef26e48..dce878e4 100644
--- a/rust/crates/gpu/src/shaders/fullscreen.wgsl
+++ b/rust/crates/gpu/src/shaders/fullscreen.wgsl
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ struct VertexOutput {
 fn vertex_main(@location(0) position: vec2f) -> VertexOutput {
     var output: VertexOutput;
     output.position = vec4f(position, 0.0, 1.0);
-    output.tex_coord = (position * 0.5) + vec2f(0.5, 0.5);
+    output.tex_coord = vec2f(position.x * 0.5 + 0.5, 0.5 - position.y * 0.5);
     return output;
 }
diff --git a/rust/crates/masks/src/feather.rs b/rust/crates/masks/src/feather.rs
index e58572f4..5ae71b6f 100644
--- a/rust/crates/masks/src/feather.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/masks/src/feather.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
-use gpu::{FULLSCREEN_SHADER_SOURCE, GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT, GpuContext};
+use gpu::{FULLSCREEN_SHADER_SOURCE, GpuContext};
 use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
 
 use crate::SdfPipeline;
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl MaskFeatherPipeline {
                 module: &fragment_shader_module,
                 entry_point: Some("fragment_main"),
                 targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
-                    format: GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT,
+                    format: context.texture_format(),
                     blend: None,
                     write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
                 })],
@@ -160,9 +160,40 @@ impl MaskFeatherPipeline {
             feather,
         }: ApplyMaskFeatherOptions<'_>,
     ) -> wgpu::Texture {
+        let mut encoder =
+            context
+                .device()
+                .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+                    label: Some("gpu-mask-distance-command-encoder"),
+                });
+        let output = self.apply_mask_feather_with_encoder(
+            context,
+            &mut encoder,
+            ApplyMaskFeatherOptions {
+                mask,
+                width,
+                height,
+                feather,
+            },
+        );
+        context.queue().submit([encoder.finish()]);
+        output
+    }
+
+    pub fn apply_mask_feather_with_encoder(
+        &self,
+        context: &GpuContext,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        ApplyMaskFeatherOptions {
+            mask,
+            width,
+            height,
+            feather,
+        }: ApplyMaskFeatherOptions<'_>,
+    ) -> wgpu::Texture {
         let sdf = self
             .sdf_pipeline
-            .compute_signed_distance_field(context, mask, width, height);
+            .compute_signed_distance_field_with_encoder(context, encoder, mask, width, height);
         let output_texture = context.create_render_texture(width, height, "masks-feather-output");
         let inside_view = sdf
             .inside_texture
@@ -225,13 +256,6 @@ impl MaskFeatherPipeline {
                     resource: uniform_buffer.as_entire_binding(),
                 }],
             });
-        let mut encoder =
-            context
-                .device()
-                .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
-                    label: Some("gpu-mask-distance-command-encoder"),
-                });
-
         {
             let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
                 label: Some("gpu-mask-distance-render-pass"),
@@ -256,8 +280,6 @@ impl MaskFeatherPipeline {
             render_pass.set_bind_group(2, &uniform_bind_group, &[]);
             render_pass.draw(0..6, 0..1);
         }
-
-        context.queue().submit([encoder.finish()]);
         output_texture
     }
 }
diff --git a/rust/crates/masks/src/sdf.rs b/rust/crates/masks/src/sdf.rs
index 0e7ec01a..f0d93212 100644
--- a/rust/crates/masks/src/sdf.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/masks/src/sdf.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
-use gpu::{FULLSCREEN_SHADER_SOURCE, GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT, GpuContext};
+use gpu::{FULLSCREEN_SHADER_SOURCE, GpuContext};
 use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
 
 const JFA_INIT_SHADER_SOURCE: &str = include_str!("shaders/jfa_init.wgsl");
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ impl SdfPipeline {
             &pipeline_layout,
             &vertex_shader_module,
             &init_shader_module,
+            context.texture_format(),
         );
         let step_pipeline = create_pipeline(
             device,
@@ -105,6 +106,7 @@ impl SdfPipeline {
             &pipeline_layout,
             &vertex_shader_module,
             &step_shader_module,
+            context.texture_format(),
         );
 
         Self {
@@ -122,15 +124,41 @@ impl SdfPipeline {
         width: u32,
         height: u32,
     ) -> SignedDistanceFieldTextures {
+        let mut encoder =
+            context
+                .device()
+                .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+                    label: Some("gpu-sdf-command-encoder"),
+                });
+        let textures = self.compute_signed_distance_field_with_encoder(
+            context,
+            &mut encoder,
+            source_texture,
+            width,
+            height,
+        );
+        context.queue().submit([encoder.finish()]);
+        textures
+    }
+
+    pub fn compute_signed_distance_field_with_encoder(
+        &self,
+        context: &GpuContext,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        source_texture: &wgpu::Texture,
+        width: u32,
+        height: u32,
+    ) -> SignedDistanceFieldTextures {
         SignedDistanceFieldTextures {
-            inside_texture: self.run_jfa(context, source_texture, width, height, false),
-            outside_texture: self.run_jfa(context, source_texture, width, height, true),
+            inside_texture: self.run_jfa(context, encoder, source_texture, width, height, false),
+            outside_texture: self.run_jfa(context, encoder, source_texture, width, height, true),
         }
     }
 
     fn run_jfa(
         &self,
         context: &GpuContext,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
         source_texture: &wgpu::Texture,
         width: u32,
         height: u32,
@@ -141,6 +169,7 @@ impl SdfPipeline {
 
         self.run_pass(
             context,
+            encoder,
             source_texture,
             &ping_texture,
             &self.init_pipeline,
@@ -167,6 +196,7 @@ impl SdfPipeline {
             };
             self.run_pass(
                 context,
+                encoder,
                 input_texture,
                 output_texture,
                 &self.step_pipeline,
@@ -189,6 +219,7 @@ impl SdfPipeline {
     fn run_pass(
         &self,
         context: &GpuContext,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
         input_texture: &wgpu::Texture,
         output_texture: &wgpu::Texture,
         pipeline: &wgpu::RenderPipeline,
@@ -230,12 +261,6 @@ impl SdfPipeline {
                     resource: uniform_buffer.as_entire_binding(),
                 }],
             });
-        let mut encoder =
-            context
-                .device()
-                .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
-                    label: Some("gpu-sdf-command-encoder"),
-                });
 
         {
             let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
@@ -260,8 +285,6 @@ impl SdfPipeline {
             render_pass.set_bind_group(1, &uniform_bind_group, &[]);
             render_pass.draw(0..6, 0..1);
         }
-
-        context.queue().submit([encoder.finish()]);
     }
 }
 
@@ -271,6 +294,7 @@ fn create_pipeline(
     layout: &wgpu::PipelineLayout,
     vertex_shader_module: &wgpu::ShaderModule,
     fragment_shader_module: &wgpu::ShaderModule,
+    texture_format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
 ) -> wgpu::RenderPipeline {
     device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
         label: Some(label),
@@ -293,7 +317,7 @@ fn create_pipeline(
             module: fragment_shader_module,
             entry_point: Some("fragment_main"),
             targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
-                format: GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT,
+                format: texture_format,
                 blend: None,
                 write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
             })],
diff --git a/rust/crates/masks/src/shaders/jfa_init.wgsl b/rust/crates/masks/src/shaders/jfa_init.wgsl
index 29aa38c7..e224db3d 100644
--- a/rust/crates/masks/src/shaders/jfa_init.wgsl
+++ b/rust/crates/masks/src/shaders/jfa_init.wgsl
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ fn encode_seed(seed: vec2f) -> vec4f {
 @fragment
 fn fragment_main(input: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4f {
     let mask = textureSample(input_texture, input_sampler, input.tex_coord).r;
-    let is_seed = select(mask > 0.5, mask < 0.5, uniforms.invert > 0.5);
+    let above = mask > 0.5;
+    let below = mask < 0.5;
+    let inverted = uniforms.invert > 0.5;
+    let is_seed = select(above, below, inverted);
 
     if (is_seed) {
         let pixel_coord = floor(input.tex_coord * uniforms.resolution);
diff --git a/rust/crates/masks/src/shaders/jfa_step.wgsl b/rust/crates/masks/src/shaders/jfa_step.wgsl
index e20d7fb0..bf348217 100644
--- a/rust/crates/masks/src/shaders/jfa_step.wgsl
+++ b/rust/crates/masks/src/shaders/jfa_step.wgsl
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ fn fragment_main(input: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4f {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            let encoded = textureSample(input_texture, input_sampler, sample_uv);
+            let encoded = textureSampleLevel(input_texture, input_sampler, sample_uv, 0.0);
             if (is_no_seed(encoded)) {
                 continue;
             }