chore: switch from biome to eslint + prettier; fix ton of lint issues

34 files changed, 363 insertions, 419 deletions

diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/canvas-renderer.ts b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/canvas-renderer.ts
index 4a002675..58294e9c 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/canvas-renderer.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/canvas-renderer.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { FrameRate } from "opencut-wasm";
 import type { AnyBaseNode } from "./nodes/base-node";
+import { createCanvasSurface } from "./canvas-utils";
 import { buildFrameDescriptor } from "./compositor/frame-descriptor";
 import { wasmCompositor } from "./compositor/wasm-compositor";
 import { resolveRenderTree } from "./resolve";
@@ -16,8 +17,8 @@ export type CanvasRendererParams = {
 };
 
 export class CanvasRenderer {
-	canvas: OffscreenCanvas | HTMLCanvasElement;
-	context: OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D | CanvasRenderingContext2D;
+	canvas: OffscreenCanvas;
+	context: OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D;
 	width: number;
 	height: number;
 	fps: FrameRate;
@@ -27,22 +28,9 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
 		this.height = height;
 		this.fps = fps;
 
-		try {
-			this.canvas = new OffscreenCanvas(width, height);
-		} catch {
-			this.canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
-			this.canvas.width = width;
-			this.canvas.height = height;
-		}
-
-		const context = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
-		if (!context) {
-			throw new Error("Failed to get canvas context");
-		}
-
-		this.context = context as
-			| OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D
-			| CanvasRenderingContext2D;
+		const surface = createCanvasSurface({ width, height });
+		this.canvas = surface.canvas;
+		this.context = surface.context;
 	}
 
 	getOutputCanvas(): HTMLCanvasElement {
@@ -57,20 +45,9 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
 		this.width = width;
 		this.height = height;
 
-		if (this.canvas instanceof OffscreenCanvas) {
-			this.canvas = new OffscreenCanvas(width, height);
-		} else {
-			this.canvas.width = width;
-			this.canvas.height = height;
-		}
-
-		const context = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
-		if (!context) {
-			throw new Error("Failed to get canvas context");
-		}
-		this.context = context as
-			| OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D
-			| CanvasRenderingContext2D;
+		const surface = createCanvasSurface({ width, height });
+		this.canvas = surface.canvas;
+		this.context = surface.context;
 	}
 
 	async render({ node, time }: { node: AnyBaseNode; time: number }) {
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/canvas-utils.ts b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/canvas-utils.ts
index 093168e6..6981e6d5 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/canvas-utils.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/canvas-utils.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-export function createOffscreenCanvas({
+export function createCanvasSurface({
 	width,
 	height,
 }: {
 	width: number;
 	height: number;
-}): OffscreenCanvas | HTMLCanvasElement {
-	try {
-		return new OffscreenCanvas(width, height);
-	} catch {
-		const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
-		canvas.width = width;
-		canvas.height = height;
-		return canvas;
+}): {
+	canvas: OffscreenCanvas;
+	context: OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D;
+} {
+	const canvas = new OffscreenCanvas(width, height);
+	const context = canvas.getContext("2d");
+	if (!context) {
+		throw new Error("Failed to create 2D rendering context");
 	}
+	return { canvas, context };
 }
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/compositor/frame-descriptor.ts b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/compositor/frame-descriptor.ts
index 190a0237..1bc316ef 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/compositor/frame-descriptor.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/compositor/frame-descriptor.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { masksRegistry } from "@/masks";
 import { incrementCounter } from "@/diagnostics/render-perf";
 import type { AnyBaseNode } from "../nodes/base-node";
 import type { CanvasRenderer } from "../canvas-renderer";
-import { createOffscreenCanvas } from "../canvas-utils";
+import { createCanvasSurface } from "../canvas-utils";
 import { BlurBackgroundNode } from "../nodes/blur-background-node";
 import { ColorNode } from "../nodes/color-node";
 import { EffectLayerNode } from "../nodes/effect-layer-node";
@@ -414,15 +414,11 @@ function buildMaskArtifacts({
 	const { width: canvasWidth, height: canvasHeight } = renderer;
 	const maskContentHash = `mask:${mask.type}:${JSON.stringify(mask.params)}:${transformHash(transform)}:${canvasWidth}x${canvasHeight}:direct=${shouldRenderMaskDirectly}`;
 	const drawMask: TextureCanvasDrawFn = (ctx) => {
-		const elementMaskCanvas = createOffscreenCanvas({
-			width: Math.round(transform.width),
-			height: Math.round(transform.height),
-		});
-		const elementMaskCtx = elementMaskCanvas.getContext("2d") as
-			| CanvasRenderingContext2D
-			| OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D
-			| null;
-		if (!elementMaskCtx) return;
+		const { canvas: elementMaskCanvas, context: elementMaskCtx } =
+			createCanvasSurface({
+				width: Math.round(transform.width),
+				height: Math.round(transform.height),
+			});
 
 		if (shouldRenderMaskDirectly && definition.renderer.renderMask) {
 			definition.renderer.renderMask({
@@ -465,15 +461,10 @@ function buildMaskArtifacts({
 		const strokeTextureId = `${path}:mask-stroke`;
 		const strokeContentHash = `stroke:${mask.type}:${JSON.stringify(mask.params)}:${transformHash(transform)}:${canvasWidth}x${canvasHeight}`;
 		const drawStroke: TextureCanvasDrawFn = (ctx) => {
-			const strokeCanvas = createOffscreenCanvas({
+			const { canvas: strokeCanvas, context: strokeCtx } = createCanvasSurface({
 				width: Math.round(transform.width),
 				height: Math.round(transform.height),
 			});
-			const strokeCtx = strokeCanvas.getContext("2d") as
-				| CanvasRenderingContext2D
-				| OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D
-				| null;
-			if (!strokeCtx) return;
 
 			if (definition.renderer.renderStroke) {
 				definition.renderer.renderStroke({
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/effect-preview.ts b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/effect-preview.ts
index c4cacde0..cbfb1a31 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/effect-preview.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/effect-preview.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { createOffscreenCanvas } from "./canvas-utils";
+import { createCanvasSurface } from "./canvas-utils";
 import { effectsRegistry, resolveEffectPasses } from "@/effects";
 import { buildDefaultParamValues } from "@/params/registry";
 import type { ParamValues } from "@/params";
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ const PREVIEW_SIZE = 160;
 const PREVIEW_IMAGE_PATH = "/effects/preview.jpg";
 
 class EffectPreviewService {
-	private testSourceCanvas: OffscreenCanvas | HTMLCanvasElement | null = null;
+	private testSourceCanvas: OffscreenCanvas | null = null;
 	private previewImageElement: HTMLImageElement | null = null;
 	private onReadyCallbacks = new Set<() => void>();
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class EffectPreviewService {
 	}: {
 		width: number;
 		height: number;
-	}): OffscreenCanvas | HTMLCanvasElement | null {
+	}): OffscreenCanvas | null {
 		const isImageReady =
 			this.previewImageElement?.complete &&
 			(this.previewImageElement.naturalWidth ?? 0) > 0;
@@ -106,15 +106,8 @@ class EffectPreviewService {
 			return null;
 		}
 
-		const canvas = createOffscreenCanvas({ width, height });
-		const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d") as
-			| CanvasRenderingContext2D
-			| OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D
-			| null;
-		if (!ctx) {
-			throw new Error("failed to get 2d context for test source");
-		}
-		ctx.drawImage(this.previewImageElement, 0, 0, width, height);
+		const { canvas, context } = createCanvasSurface({ width, height });
+		context.drawImage(this.previewImageElement, 0, 0, width, height);
 		return canvas;
 	}
 
@@ -124,7 +117,7 @@ class EffectPreviewService {
 	}: {
 		width: number;
 		height: number;
-	}): CanvasImageSource | null {
+	}): OffscreenCanvas | null {
 		if (
 			!this.testSourceCanvas ||
 			this.testSourceCanvas.width !== width ||
@@ -141,17 +134,17 @@ class EffectPreviewService {
 		height,
 		passes,
 	}: {
-		source: CanvasImageSource;
+		source: OffscreenCanvas;
 		width: number;
 		height: number;
 		passes: ReturnType<typeof resolveEffectPasses>;
-	}): OffscreenCanvas | HTMLCanvasElement {
+	}): OffscreenCanvas {
 		return gpuRenderer.applyEffect({
 			source,
 			width,
 			height,
 			passes,
-		}) as OffscreenCanvas | HTMLCanvasElement;
+		});
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/gpu-renderer.ts b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/gpu-renderer.ts
index c61b6b98..c1be3f1a 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/gpu-renderer.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/gpu-renderer.ts
@@ -34,23 +34,17 @@ export const gpuRenderer = {
 		height,
 		passes,
 	}: {
-		source: CanvasImageSource;
+		source: OffscreenCanvas;
 		width: number;
 		height: number;
 		passes: EffectPass[];
-	}): CanvasImageSource {
+	}): OffscreenCanvas {
 		if (passes.length === 0 || !gpuAvailable) {
 			return source;
 		}
 
-		const sourceCanvas = ensureOffscreenCanvas({
-			source,
-			width,
-			height,
-			label: "effect source",
-		});
 		return applyEffectPasses({
-			source: sourceCanvas,
+			source,
 			width,
 			height,
 			passes: serializeEffectPasses(passes),
@@ -63,23 +57,17 @@ export const gpuRenderer = {
 		height,
 		feather,
 	}: {
-		maskCanvas: CanvasImageSource;
+		maskCanvas: OffscreenCanvas;
 		width: number;
 		height: number;
 		feather: number;
-	}): CanvasImageSource {
+	}): OffscreenCanvas {
 		if (!gpuAvailable) {
 			return maskCanvas;
 		}
 
-		const sourceCanvas = ensureOffscreenCanvas({
-			source: maskCanvas,
-			width,
-			height,
-			label: "mask source",
-		});
 		return applyMaskFeatherWasm({
-			mask: sourceCanvas,
+			mask: maskCanvas,
 			width,
 			height,
 			feather,
@@ -87,35 +75,6 @@ export const gpuRenderer = {
 	},
 };
 
-function ensureOffscreenCanvas({
-	source,
-	width,
-	height,
-	label,
-}: {
-	source: CanvasImageSource;
-	width: number;
-	height: number;
-	label: string;
-}): OffscreenCanvas {
-	if (source instanceof OffscreenCanvas) {
-		return source;
-	}
-
-	if (typeof OffscreenCanvas === "undefined") {
-		throw new Error(`OffscreenCanvas is required for the GPU ${label}`);
-	}
-
-	const canvas = new OffscreenCanvas(width, height);
-	const context = canvas.getContext("2d");
-	if (!context) {
-		throw new Error(`Failed to get 2d context for the GPU ${label}`);
-	}
-	context.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
-	context.drawImage(source, 0, 0, width, height);
-	return canvas;
-}
-
 function serializeEffectPasses(passes: EffectPass[]) {
 	return passes.map((pass) => ({
 		shader: pass.shader,
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/mask-feather.ts b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/mask-feather.ts
index 4ea7eb2b..dde4decc 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/mask-feather.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/mask-feather.ts
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ export function applyMaskFeather({
 	height,
 	feather,
 }: {
-	maskCanvas: CanvasImageSource;
+	maskCanvas: OffscreenCanvas;
 	width: number;
 	height: number;
 	feather: number;
-}): OffscreenCanvas | HTMLCanvasElement {
+}): OffscreenCanvas {
 	return gpuRenderer.applyMaskFeather({
 		maskCanvas,
 		width,
 		height,
 		feather,
-	}) as OffscreenCanvas | HTMLCanvasElement;
+	});
 }
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/nodes/graphic-node.ts b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/nodes/graphic-node.ts
index 2d022510..798b56a0 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/nodes/graphic-node.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/nodes/graphic-node.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { createOffscreenCanvas } from "../canvas-utils";
+import { createCanvasSurface } from "../canvas-utils";
 import {
 	DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
 	getGraphicDefinition,
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export class GraphicNode extends VisualNode<
 	ResolvedGraphicNodeState
 > {
 	private cachedKey: string | null = null;
-	private cachedSource: OffscreenCanvas | HTMLCanvasElement | null = null;
+	private cachedSource: OffscreenCanvas | null = null;
 
 	constructor(params: GraphicNodeParams) {
 		super(params);
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export class GraphicNode extends VisualNode<
 		resolvedParams,
 	}: {
 		resolvedParams: ParamValues;
-	}): OffscreenCanvas | HTMLCanvasElement | null {
+	}): OffscreenCanvas {
 		const definition = getGraphicDefinition({
 			definitionId: this.params.definitionId,
 		});
@@ -48,20 +48,13 @@ export class GraphicNode extends VisualNode<
 			return this.cachedSource;
 		}
 
-		const canvas = createOffscreenCanvas({
+		const { canvas, context } = createCanvasSurface({
 			width: DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
 			height: DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
 		});
-		const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d") as
-			| CanvasRenderingContext2D
-			| OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D
-			| null;
-		if (!ctx) {
-			return null;
-		}
 
 		definition.render({
-			ctx,
+			ctx: context,
 			params: resolvedParams,
 			width: DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
 			height: DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/nodes/image-node.ts b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/nodes/image-node.ts
index d8c56803..4f475a2d 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/nodes/image-node.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/nodes/image-node.ts
@@ -17,10 +17,13 @@ export interface CachedImageSource {
 
 const imageSourceCache = new Map<string, Promise<CachedImageSource>>();
 
-export function loadImageSource(
-	url: string,
-	maxSourceSize?: number,
-): Promise<CachedImageSource> {
+export function loadImageSource({
+	url,
+	maxSourceSize,
+}: {
+	url: string;
+	maxSourceSize?: number;
+}): Promise<CachedImageSource> {
 	const cacheKey = `${url}::${maxSourceSize ?? "full"}`;
 
 	const cached = imageSourceCache.get(cacheKey);
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/resolve.ts b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/resolve.ts
index 36a6ecb5..4637df8d 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/renderer/resolve.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/renderer/resolve.ts
@@ -235,10 +235,10 @@ async function resolveImageNode({
 	node: ImageNode;
 	context: ResolveContext;
 }): Promise<ResolvedVisualSourceNodeState | null> {
-	const source = await loadImageSource(
-		node.params.url,
-		node.params.maxSourceSize,
-	);
+	const source = await loadImageSource({
+		url: node.params.url,
+		maxSourceSize: node.params.maxSourceSize,
+	});
 	const visualState = resolveVisualState({
 		params: node.params,
 		context,
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ async function resolveBackdropSource({
 		};
 	}
 
-	const source = await loadImageSource(node.params.url);
+	const source = await loadImageSource({ url: node.params.url });
 	return {
 		source: source.source,
 		width: source.width,
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/indexeddb-adapter.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/indexeddb-adapter.ts
index 2df4feaa..4a7498b6 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/indexeddb-adapter.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/indexeddb-adapter.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,15 @@ export class IndexedDBAdapter<T> implements StorageAdapter<T> {
 	private storeName: string;
 	private version: number;
 
-	constructor(dbName: string, storeName: string, version = 1) {
+	constructor({
+		dbName,
+		storeName,
+		version = 1,
+	}: {
+		dbName: string;
+		storeName: string;
+		version?: number;
+	}) {
 		this.dbName = dbName;
 		this.storeName = storeName;
 		this.version = version;
@@ -39,7 +47,13 @@ export class IndexedDBAdapter<T> implements StorageAdapter<T> {
 		});
 	}
 
-	async set(key: string, value: T): Promise<void> {
+	async set({
+		key,
+		value,
+	}: {
+		key: string;
+		value: T;
+	}): Promise<void> {
 		const db = await this.getDB();
 		const transaction = db.transaction([this.storeName], "readwrite");
 		const store = transaction.objectStore(this.storeName);
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/helpers.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/helpers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..381cb935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/helpers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/**
+ * Type-safe accessors for navigating migration output.
+ *
+ * Migrations input/output `Record<string, unknown>` because they handle
+ * potentially malformed data from older versions. Tests need to inspect
+ * specific properties of the migrated result without using type assertions.
+ *
+ * These helpers narrow through type guards (Array.isArray + a record
+ * predicate), so the file contains no unsafe assertions despite turning
+ * unknown into concrete shapes.
+ */
+
+function describe(value: unknown): string {
+	if (value === null) return "null";
+	if (Array.isArray(value)) return "array";
+	return typeof value;
+}
+
+function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
+	return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value);
+}
+
+export function asRecord(value: unknown): Record<string, unknown> {
+	if (!isRecord(value)) {
+		throw new Error(`Expected record, got ${describe(value)}`);
+	}
+	return value;
+}
+
+export function asArray(value: unknown): unknown[] {
+	if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
+		throw new Error(`Expected array, got ${describe(value)}`);
+	}
+	return value;
+}
+
+export function asRecordArray(value: unknown): Record<string, unknown>[] {
+	return asArray(value).map(asRecord);
+}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v0-to-v1.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v0-to-v1.test.ts
index 2cd67da8..73b64fed 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v0-to-v1.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v0-to-v1.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
 	v0ProjectWithMetadata,
 	v1Project,
 } from "./fixtures";
+import { asArray, asRecord, asRecordArray } from "./helpers";
 
 describe("V0 to V1 Migration", () => {
 	const fixedDate = new Date("2024-06-01T12:00:00.000Z");
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ describe("V0 to V1 Migration", () => {
 			expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 			expect(result.project.version).toBe(1);
 			expect(Array.isArray(result.project.scenes)).toBe(true);
-			expect((result.project.scenes as unknown[]).length).toBe(1);
+			expect(asArray(result.project.scenes).length).toBe(1);
 			expect(result.project.currentSceneId).toBeDefined();
 		});
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ describe("V0 to V1 Migration", () => {
 				options: { now: fixedDate },
 			});
 
-			const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+			const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
 			const mainScene = scenes[0];
 
 			expect(mainScene.isMain).toBe(true);
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ describe("V0 to V1 Migration", () => {
 				options: { now: fixedDate },
 			});
 
-			const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 			expect(metadata.updatedAt).toBe(fixedDate.toISOString());
 		});
 
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v1-to-v2.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v1-to-v2.test.ts
index 0840ac76..6670c479 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v1-to-v2.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v1-to-v2.test.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
 	v1ProjectWithMultipleScenes,
 	v2Project,
 } from "./fixtures";
+import { asRecord, asRecordArray } from "./helpers";
 
 const DEFAULT_FPS = 30;
 const DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_BLUR_INTENSITY = 10;
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 			expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 			expect(result.project.version).toBe(2);
 
-			const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 			expect(metadata.id).toBe(v1Project.id);
 			expect(metadata.name).toBe(v1Project.name);
 			expect(typeof metadata.createdAt).toBe("string");
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 		test("creates settings object from flat properties", () => {
 			const result = transformProjectV1ToV2({ project: v1Project });
 
-			const settings = result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);
 			expect(settings.fps).toBe(v1Project.fps);
 			expect(settings.canvasSize).toEqual(v1Project.canvasSize);
 			expect(settings.originalCanvasSize).toBe(null);
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 		test("converts color background correctly", () => {
 			const result = transformProjectV1ToV2({ project: v1Project });
 
-			const settings = result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>;
-			const background = settings.background as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);
+			const background = asRecord(settings.background);
 			expect(background.type).toBe("color");
 			expect(background.color).toBe(v1Project.backgroundColor);
 		});
@@ -58,8 +59,8 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 			};
 			const result = transformProjectV1ToV2({ project: projectWithBlur });
 
-			const settings = result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>;
-			const background = settings.background as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);
+			const background = asRecord(settings.background);
 			expect(background.type).toBe("blur");
 			expect(background.blurIntensity).toBe(30);
 		});
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 		test("applies legacy bookmarks to main scene", () => {
 			const result = transformProjectV1ToV2({ project: v1Project });
 
-			const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+			const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
 			const mainScene = scenes.find((s) => s.isMain === true);
 			expect(mainScene?.bookmarks).toEqual(v1Project.bookmarks);
 		});
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 				project: v1ProjectWithMultipleScenes,
 			});
 
-			const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+			const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
 			const introScene = scenes.find((s) => s.name === "Intro");
 			expect(introScene?.bookmarks).toEqual([1.0]);
 		});
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 			});
 
 			expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
-			const settings = result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);
 			expect(settings.fps).toBe(DEFAULT_FPS);
 			expect(settings.canvasSize).toEqual(DEFAULT_CANVAS_SIZE);
 		});
@@ -115,11 +116,11 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 			};
 			const result = transformProjectV1ToV2({ project: minimalProject });
 
-			const settings = result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);
 			expect(settings.fps).toBe(DEFAULT_FPS);
 			expect(settings.canvasSize).toEqual(DEFAULT_CANVAS_SIZE);
 
-			const background = settings.background as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const background = asRecord(settings.background);
 			expect(background.type).toBe("color");
 			expect(background.color).toBe(DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_COLOR);
 		});
@@ -135,8 +136,8 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 				project: projectWithBlurNoIntensity,
 			});
 
-			const settings = result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>;
-			const background = settings.background as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);
+			const background = asRecord(settings.background);
 			expect(background.blurIntensity).toBe(DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_BLUR_INTENSITY);
 		});
 
@@ -183,9 +184,9 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 				project: projectWithTracks,
 			});
 
-			const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+			const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
 			const mainScene = scenes[0];
-			const tracks = mainScene.tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+			const tracks = asRecordArray(mainScene.tracks);
 			expect(tracks.length).toBe(1);
 			expect(tracks[0].name).toBe("Existing Track");
 		});
@@ -240,9 +241,9 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 				context,
 			});
 
-			const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+			const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
 			const mainScene = scenes[0];
-			const tracks = mainScene.tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+			const tracks = asRecordArray(mainScene.tracks);
 			expect(Array.isArray(tracks)).toBe(true);
 			expect(tracks).toHaveLength(1);
 			expect(tracks[0].type).toBe("video");
@@ -302,9 +303,9 @@ describe("V1 to V2 Migration", () => {
 			});
 
 			expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
-			const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
-			const tracks = scenes[0].tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
-			const elements = tracks[0].elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+			const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
+			const tracks = asRecordArray(scenes[0].tracks);
+			const elements = asRecordArray(tracks[0].elements);
 			const textElement = elements[0];
 			expect(textElement.opacity).toBe(0.5);
 			expect(textElement.transform).toEqual({
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v15-to-v16.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v15-to-v16.test.ts
index 122af2cb..1af445ac 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v15-to-v16.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v15-to-v16.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";

 import { transformProjectV15ToV16 } from "../transformers/v15-to-v16";

+import { asRecordArray } from "./helpers";

 

 describe("V15 to V16 Migration", () => {

 	test("renames sticker tracks to graphic tracks", () => {

@@ -61,10 +62,10 @@ describe("V15 to V16 Migration", () => {
 

 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);

 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(16);

-		expect(

-			(result.project.scenes as Array<{ tracks: Array<{ type: string }> }>)[0]

-				.tracks[0].type,

-		).toBe("graphic");

+		const firstTrack = asRecordArray(

+			asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0].tracks,

+		)[0];

+		expect(firstTrack.type).toBe("graphic");

 	});

 

 	test("skips projects already on v16", () => {

diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v16-to-v17.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v16-to-v17.test.ts
index 352ca762..10a792ca 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v16-to-v17.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v16-to-v17.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";

 import { transformProjectV16ToV17 } from "../transformers/v16-to-v17";

+import { asRecord, asRecordArray } from "./helpers";

 

 describe("V16 to V17 Migration", () => {

 	test("adds center stroke alignment to masks that do not have it", () => {

@@ -97,13 +98,13 @@ describe("V16 to V17 Migration", () => {
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);

 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(17);

 

-		const migratedMasks = (

-			((result.project.scenes as Array<{ tracks: Array<{ elements: Array<{ masks: Array<{ params: Record<string, unknown> }> }> }> }>)[0]

-				.tracks[0].elements[0].masks)

-		);

+		const firstScene = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0];

+		const firstTrack = asRecordArray(firstScene.tracks)[0];

+		const firstElement = asRecordArray(firstTrack.elements)[0];

+		const migratedMasks = asRecordArray(firstElement.masks);

 

-		expect(migratedMasks[0].params.strokeAlign).toBe("center");

-		expect(migratedMasks[1].params.strokeAlign).toBe("outside");

+		expect(asRecord(migratedMasks[0].params).strokeAlign).toBe("center");

+		expect(asRecord(migratedMasks[1].params).strokeAlign).toBe("outside");

 	});

 

 	test("skips projects already on v17", () => {

diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v18-to-v19.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v18-to-v19.test.ts
index 0f679b6d..0cb30f2b 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v18-to-v19.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v18-to-v19.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";

 import { transformProjectV18ToV19 } from "../transformers/v18-to-v19";

+import { asRecord } from "./helpers";

 

 describe("V18 to V19 Migration", () => {

 	test("adds canvas size mode and empty remembered custom size defaults", () => {

@@ -26,15 +27,13 @@ describe("V18 to V19 Migration", () => {
 

 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);

 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(19);

-		expect(

-			(result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>).canvasSizeMode,

-		).toBe("preset");

-		expect(

-			(result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>).lastCustomCanvasSize,

-		).toBeNull();

-		expect(

-			(result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>).originalCanvasSize,

-		).toEqual({ width: 1920, height: 1080 });

+		const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);

+		expect(settings.canvasSizeMode).toBe("preset");

+		expect(settings.lastCustomCanvasSize).toBeNull();

+		expect(settings.originalCanvasSize).toEqual({

+			width: 1920,

+			height: 1080,

+		});

 	});

 

 	test("skips projects already on v19", () => {

diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v19-to-v20.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v19-to-v20.test.ts
index 0e0cfbbe..b1bfe86f 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v19-to-v20.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v19-to-v20.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
 import { transformProjectV19ToV20 } from "../transformers/v19-to-v20";
+import { asRecordArray } from "./helpers";
 
 describe("V19 to V20 Migration", () => {
 	test("backfills source audio enabled state on video elements", () => {
@@ -82,19 +83,16 @@ describe("V19 to V20 Migration", () => {
 
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(20);
-		expect(
-			((result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>)[0]
-				.tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>)[0].elements,
-		).toEqual([
+		const scene = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0];
+		const tracks = asRecordArray(scene.tracks);
+		expect(tracks[0].elements).toEqual([
 			expect.objectContaining({
 				id: "video-1",
 				isSourceAudioEnabled: true,
 			}),
 		]);
 		expect(
-			(((result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>)[0]
-				.tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>)[1]
-				.elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>)[0].isSourceAudioEnabled,
+			asRecordArray(tracks[1].elements)[0].isSourceAudioEnabled,
 		).toBeUndefined();
 	});
 
@@ -120,11 +118,10 @@ describe("V19 to V20 Migration", () => {
 			},
 		});
 
-		expect(
-			(((result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>)[0]
-				.tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>)[0]
-				.elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>)[0].isSourceAudioEnabled,
-		).toBe(false);
+		const scene = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0];
+		const track = asRecordArray(scene.tracks)[0];
+		const element = asRecordArray(track.elements)[0];
+		expect(element.isSourceAudioEnabled).toBe(false);
 	});
 
 	test("skips projects already on v20", () => {
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v2-to-v3.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v2-to-v3.test.ts
index ba8b3bfb..d18b4dd4 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v2-to-v3.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v2-to-v3.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
 	v2ProjectWithBlurBackground,
 	v3Project,
 } from "./fixtures";
+import { asRecord } from "./helpers";
 
 describe("V2 to V3 Migration", () => {
 	describe("transformProjectV2ToV3", () => {
@@ -17,14 +18,14 @@ describe("V2 to V3 Migration", () => {
 			expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 			expect(result.project.version).toBe(3);
 
-			const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 			expect(typeof metadata.duration).toBe("number");
 		});
 
 		test("calculates duration from scene tracks", () => {
 			const result = transformProjectV2ToV3({ project: v2Project });
 
-			const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 			// v2Project has a video element with duration 15.5 and a text element at startTime 2 with duration 5
 			// Total duration should be max(15.5, 2+5) = 15.5
 			expect(metadata.duration).toBe(15.5);
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ describe("V2 to V3 Migration", () => {
 			});
 
 			expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
-			const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 			// v2ProjectWithBlurBackground has a video with duration 30
 			expect(metadata.duration).toBe(30);
 		});
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ describe("V2 to V3 Migration", () => {
 			const result = transformProjectV2ToV3({ project: v2ProjectEmptyScenes });
 
 			expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
-			const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 			expect(metadata.duration).toBe(0);
 		});
 
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ describe("V2 to V3 Migration", () => {
 			});
 
 			expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
-			const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 			expect(metadata.duration).toBe(0);
 		});
 
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ describe("V2 to V3 Migration", () => {
 		test("preserves existing metadata fields", () => {
 			const result = transformProjectV2ToV3({ project: v2Project });
 
-			const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 			expect(metadata.id).toBe(v2Project.metadata.id);
 			expect(metadata.name).toBe(v2Project.metadata.name);
 			expect(metadata.thumbnail).toBe(v2Project.metadata.thumbnail);
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ describe("V2 to V3 Migration", () => {
 			});
 
 			expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
-			const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 			expect(metadata.duration).toBe(0);
 		});
 
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ describe("V2 to V3 Migration", () => {
 			};
 			const result = transformProjectV2ToV3({ project: multiSceneProject });
 
-			const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 			// Duration is from main scene only, not sum of all scenes
 			expect(metadata.duration).toBe(10);
 		});
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v20-to-v21.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v20-to-v21.test.ts
index 3d77a775..2737bfc3 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v20-to-v21.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v20-to-v21.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
 import { transformProjectV20ToV21 } from "../transformers/v20-to-v21";
+import { asRecord } from "./helpers";
 
 const LEGACY_DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_BLUR_INTENSITY = 50;
 
@@ -27,8 +28,8 @@ describe("V20 to V21 Migration", () => {
 
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(21);
-		const settings = result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const background = settings.background as Record<string, unknown>;
+		const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);
+		const background = asRecord(settings.background);
 		expect(background.blurIntensity).toBe(500);
 	});
 
@@ -45,8 +46,8 @@ describe("V20 to V21 Migration", () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
-		const settings = result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const background = settings.background as Record<string, unknown>;
+		const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);
+		const background = asRecord(settings.background);
 		expect(background.blurIntensity).toBe(
 			LEGACY_DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_BLUR_INTENSITY,
 		);
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ describe("V20 to V21 Migration", () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
-		const settings = result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>;
+		const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);
 		expect(settings.background).toEqual({ type: "color", color: "#000000" });
 	});
 
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v21-to-v22.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v21-to-v22.test.ts
index 18b815b0..76d9c0e1 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v21-to-v22.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v21-to-v22.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
 import { transformProjectV21ToV22 } from "../transformers/v21-to-v22";
+import { asRecord, asRecordArray } from "./helpers";
 
 describe("V21 to V22 Migration", () => {
 	test("migrates legacy animation channels to bindings and component channels", () => {
@@ -77,12 +78,12 @@ describe("V21 to V22 Migration", () => {
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(22);
 
-		const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
-		const tracks = scenes[0].tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
-		const elements = tracks[0].elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
-		const animations = elements[0].animations as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const bindings = animations.bindings as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
-		const channels = animations.channels as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
+		const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
+		const tracks = asRecordArray(scenes[0].tracks);
+		const elements = asRecordArray(tracks[0].elements);
+		const animations = asRecord(elements[0].animations);
+		const bindings = asRecord(animations.bindings);
+		const channels = asRecord(animations.channels);
 
 		expect(bindings.opacity).toEqual({
 			path: "opacity",
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v22-to-v23.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v22-to-v23.test.ts
index 5b764b48..e229ecbc 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v22-to-v23.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v22-to-v23.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
 import { transformProjectV22ToV23 } from "../transformers/v22-to-v23";
+import { asRecord, asRecordArray } from "./helpers";
 
 describe("V22 to V23 Migration", () => {
 	test("converts project time values from seconds to ticks and fps to a frame-rate object", () => {
@@ -101,20 +102,17 @@ describe("V22 to V23 Migration", () => {
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(23);
 
-		const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+		const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 		expect(metadata.duration).toBe(1_860_000);
 
-		const settings = result.project.settings as Record<string, unknown>;
+		const settings = asRecord(result.project.settings);
 		expect(settings.fps).toEqual({ numerator: 30_000, denominator: 1_001 });
 
-		const timelineViewState = result.project.timelineViewState as Record<
-			string,
-			unknown
-		>;
+		const timelineViewState = asRecord(result.project.timelineViewState);
 		expect(timelineViewState.playheadTime).toBe(150_000);
 		expect(timelineViewState.scrollLeft).toBe(120);
 
-		const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+		const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
 		const scene = scenes[0];
 		expect(scene.bookmarks).toEqual([
 			{
@@ -126,8 +124,8 @@ describe("V22 to V23 Migration", () => {
 			{ time: 540_000 },
 		]);
 
-		const tracks = scene.tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
-		const elements = tracks[0].elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+		const tracks = asRecordArray(scene.tracks);
+		const elements = asRecordArray(tracks[0].elements);
 		const element = elements[0];
 		expect(element.startTime).toBe(150_000);
 		expect(element.duration).toBe(660_000);
@@ -135,8 +133,8 @@ describe("V22 to V23 Migration", () => {
 		expect(element.trimEnd).toBe(60_000);
 		expect(element.sourceDuration).toBe(750_000);
 
-		const animations = element.animations as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const channels = animations.channels as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
+		const animations = asRecord(element.animations);
+		const channels = asRecord(animations.channels);
 		expect(channels["opacity:value"]).toEqual({
 			kind: "scalar",
 			keys: [
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v26-to-v27.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v26-to-v27.test.ts
index 730d958d..5e16e886 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v26-to-v27.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v26-to-v27.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
 import { transformProjectV26ToV27 } from "../transformers/v26-to-v27";
+import { asRecord, asRecordArray } from "./helpers";
 
 describe("V26 to V27 Migration", () => {
 	test("converts custom mask paths from JSON strings to typed point arrays", () => {
@@ -59,13 +60,13 @@ describe("V26 to V27 Migration", () => {
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(27);
 
-		const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
-		const tracks = scenes[0].tracks as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const mainTrack = tracks.main as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const elements = mainTrack.elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
-		const masks = elements[0].masks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
-		const customParams = masks[0].params as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const rectangleParams = masks[1].params as Record<string, unknown>;
+		const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
+		const tracks = asRecord(scenes[0].tracks);
+		const mainTrack = asRecord(tracks.main);
+		const elements = asRecordArray(mainTrack.elements);
+		const masks = asRecordArray(elements[0].masks);
+		const customParams = asRecord(masks[0].params);
+		const rectangleParams = asRecord(masks[1].params);
 
 		expect(customParams.path).toEqual([
 			{
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v27-to-v28.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v27-to-v28.test.ts
index d467c8a1..cb09e07d 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v27-to-v28.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v27-to-v28.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
 import { transformProjectV27ToV28 } from "../transformers/v27-to-v28";
+import { asRecord, asRecordArray } from "./helpers";
 
 describe("V27 to V28 Migration", () => {
 	test("rounds persisted media-time floats back to integer ticks", () => {
@@ -96,18 +97,15 @@ describe("V27 to V28 Migration", () => {
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(28);
 
-		const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+		const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 		expect(metadata.duration).toBe(2_152_466);
 
-		const timelineViewState = result.project.timelineViewState as Record<
-			string,
-			unknown
-		>;
+		const timelineViewState = asRecord(result.project.timelineViewState);
 		expect(timelineViewState.playheadTime).toBe(301_235);
 		expect(timelineViewState.zoomLevel).toBe(1.25);
 		expect(timelineViewState.scrollLeft).toBe(120);
 
-		const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+		const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
 		const scene = scenes[0];
 		expect(scene.bookmarks).toEqual([
 			{
@@ -118,9 +116,9 @@ describe("V27 to V28 Migration", () => {
 			},
 		]);
 
-		const tracks = scene.tracks as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const mainTrack = tracks.main as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const elements = mainTrack.elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+		const tracks = asRecord(scene.tracks);
+		const mainTrack = asRecord(tracks.main);
+		const elements = asRecordArray(mainTrack.elements);
 		const element = elements[0];
 		expect(element.startTime).toBe(300_000);
 		expect(element.duration).toBe(2_152_466);
@@ -128,9 +126,9 @@ describe("V27 to V28 Migration", () => {
 		expect(element.trimEnd).toBe(15_001);
 		expect(element.sourceDuration).toBe(2_197_468);
 
-		const animations = element.animations as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const channels = animations.channels as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
-		const opacityChannel = channels.opacity;
+		const animations = asRecord(element.animations);
+		const channels = asRecord(animations.channels);
+		const opacityChannel = asRecord(channels.opacity);
 		expect(opacityChannel.keys).toEqual([
 			{
 				id: "key-1",
@@ -204,26 +202,23 @@ describe("V27 to V28 Migration", () => {
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(28);
 
-		const metadata = result.project.metadata as Record<string, unknown>;
+		const metadata = asRecord(result.project.metadata);
 		expect(metadata.duration).toBe(120_000);
 
-		const timelineViewState = result.project.timelineViewState as Record<
-			string,
-			unknown
-		>;
+		const timelineViewState = asRecord(result.project.timelineViewState);
 		expect(timelineViewState).toEqual({
 			zoomLevel: 2,
 			scrollLeft: 300,
 			playheadTime: 30_000,
 		});
 
-		const scenes = result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>;
+		const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
 		const scene = scenes[0];
 		expect(scene.bookmarks).toEqual([{ time: 60_000, duration: 15_000 }]);
 
-		const tracks = scene.tracks as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const mainTrack = tracks.main as Record<string, unknown>;
-		const element = (mainTrack.elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>)[0];
+		const tracks = asRecord(scene.tracks);
+		const mainTrack = asRecord(tracks.main);
+		const element = asRecordArray(mainTrack.elements)[0];
 		expect(element.startTime).toBe(10_000);
 		expect(element.duration).toBe(20_000);
 		expect(element.trimStart).toBe(1_000);
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v3-to-v4.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v3-to-v4.test.ts
index 6c2d6597..e5ad7e34 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v3-to-v4.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v3-to-v4.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";

 import { transformProjectV3ToV4 } from "../transformers/v3-to-v4";

 import { v3Project } from "./fixtures";

+import { asRecordArray } from "./helpers";

 

 describe("V3 to V4 Migration", () => {

 	test("normalizes legacy text fontWeight values", () => {

@@ -54,15 +55,9 @@ describe("V3 to V4 Migration", () => {
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);

 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(4);

 

-		const migratedScene = (

-			result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

-		const migratedTrack = (

-			migratedScene.tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

-		const migratedElement = (

-			migratedTrack.elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

+		const migratedScene = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0];

+		const migratedTrack = asRecordArray(migratedScene.tracks)[0];

+		const migratedElement = asRecordArray(migratedTrack.elements)[0];

 

 		expect(migratedElement.fontWeight).toBe("700");

 	});

@@ -104,15 +99,9 @@ describe("V3 to V4 Migration", () => {
 		};

 

 		const result = transformProjectV3ToV4({ project: projectWithoutTextTrack });

-		const migratedScene = (

-			result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

-		const migratedTrack = (

-			migratedScene.tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

-		const migratedElement = (

-			migratedTrack.elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

+		const migratedScene = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0];

+		const migratedTrack = asRecordArray(migratedScene.tracks)[0];

+		const migratedElement = asRecordArray(migratedTrack.elements)[0];

 

 		expect(migratedElement.iconName).toBe("mdi:home");

 	});

diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v4-to-v5.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v4-to-v5.test.ts
index 95386137..16e9e7ca 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v4-to-v5.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v4-to-v5.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";

 import { transformProjectV4ToV5 } from "../transformers/v4-to-v5";

 import { v3Project } from "./fixtures";

+import { asRecordArray } from "./helpers";

 

 describe("V4 to V5 Migration", () => {

 	test("migrates sticker iconName to stickerId and removes legacy color", () => {

@@ -48,15 +49,9 @@ describe("V4 to V5 Migration", () => {
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);

 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(5);

 

-		const migratedScene = (

-			result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

-		const migratedTrack = (

-			migratedScene.tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

-		const migratedElement = (

-			migratedTrack.elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

+		const migratedScene = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0];

+		const migratedTrack = asRecordArray(migratedScene.tracks)[0];

+		const migratedElement = asRecordArray(migratedTrack.elements)[0];

 

 		expect(migratedElement.stickerId).toBe("icons:mdi:home");

 		expect("iconName" in migratedElement).toBe(false);

@@ -101,15 +96,9 @@ describe("V4 to V5 Migration", () => {
 		};

 

 		const result = transformProjectV4ToV5({ project: projectWithStickerId });

-		const migratedScene = (

-			result.project.scenes as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

-		const migratedTrack = (

-			migratedScene.tracks as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

-		const migratedElement = (

-			migratedTrack.elements as Array<Record<string, unknown>>

-		)[0];

+		const migratedScene = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0];

+		const migratedTrack = asRecordArray(migratedScene.tracks)[0];

+		const migratedElement = asRecordArray(migratedTrack.elements)[0];

 

 		expect(migratedElement.stickerId).toBe("flags:AD");

 	});

diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v5-to-v6.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v5-to-v6.test.ts
index b05d1837..8fd267fd 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v5-to-v6.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v5-to-v6.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
 import { transformProjectV5ToV6 } from "../transformers/v5-to-v6";
 import { v5Project } from "./fixtures";
+import { asRecordArray } from "./helpers";
 
 describe("V5 to V6 Migration", () => {
 	test("converts number bookmarks to Bookmark objects", async () => {
@@ -13,19 +14,13 @@ describe("V5 to V6 Migration", () => {
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(6);
 
-		const mainScene = (
-			result.project.scenes as Array<{ bookmarks: unknown[] }>
-		)[0];
-		expect(mainScene.bookmarks).toEqual([
+		const scenes = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes);
+		expect(scenes[0].bookmarks).toEqual([
 			{ time: 2.0 },
 			{ time: 5.5 },
 			{ time: 12.0 },
 		]);
-
-		const introScene = (
-			result.project.scenes as Array<{ bookmarks: unknown[] }>
-		)[1];
-		expect(introScene.bookmarks).toEqual([]);
+		expect(scenes[1].bookmarks).toEqual([]);
 	});
 
 	test("skips projects that are already v6", () => {
@@ -83,9 +78,7 @@ describe("V5 to V6 Migration", () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);
-		const mainScene = (
-			result.project.scenes as Array<{ bookmarks: unknown[] }>
-		)[0];
+		const mainScene = asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0];
 		expect(mainScene.bookmarks).toEqual([
 			{ time: 1, note: "Intro", color: "#ef4444" },
 			{ time: 5.5, duration: 2 },
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v8-to-v9.test.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v8-to-v9.test.ts
index aa79a6ea..ce8e9bd3 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v8-to-v9.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/__tests__/v8-to-v9.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";

 import { transformProjectV8ToV9 } from "../transformers/v8-to-v9";

+import { asRecord, asRecordArray } from "./helpers";

 

 const v8ProjectWithText = {

 	id: "project-v8-text",

@@ -70,16 +71,16 @@ describe("V8 to V9 Migration", () => {
 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);

 		expect(result.project.version).toBe(9);

 

-		const track = (

-			result.project.scenes as Array<{ tracks: Array<{ elements: unknown[] }> }>

-		)[0].tracks[0];

-		const elements = track.elements as Array<{ background: { enabled: boolean; color: string } }>;

+		const track = asRecordArray(asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0].tracks)[0];

+		const elements = asRecordArray(track.elements);

+		const background0 = asRecord(elements[0].background);

+		const background1 = asRecord(elements[1].background);

 

-		expect(elements[0].background.enabled).toBe(true);

-		expect(elements[0].background.color).toBe("#ff0000");

+		expect(background0.enabled).toBe(true);

+		expect(background0.color).toBe("#ff0000");

 

-		expect(elements[1].background.enabled).toBe(false);

-		expect(elements[1].background.color).toBe("transparent");

+		expect(background1.enabled).toBe(false);

+		expect(background1.color).toBe("transparent");

 	});

 

 	test("preserves existing background.enabled if already present", () => {

@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ describe("V8 to V9 Migration", () => {
 			...v8ProjectWithText,

 			scenes: [

 				{

-					...(v8ProjectWithText.scenes as Record<string, unknown>[])[0],

+					...asRecordArray(v8ProjectWithText.scenes)[0],

 					tracks: [

 						{

 							id: "track-text",

@@ -116,10 +117,9 @@ describe("V8 to V9 Migration", () => {
 		const result = transformProjectV8ToV9({ project: projectWithEnabled });

 

 		expect(result.skipped).toBe(false);

-		const elements = (

-			result.project.scenes as Array<{ tracks: Array<{ elements: unknown[] }> }>

-		)[0].tracks[0].elements as Array<{ background: { enabled: boolean } }>;

-		expect(elements[0].background.enabled).toBe(false);

+		const track = asRecordArray(asRecordArray(result.project.scenes)[0].tracks)[0];

+		const elements = asRecordArray(track.elements);

+		expect(asRecord(elements[0].background).enabled).toBe(false);

 	});

 

 	test("skips non-text elements and tracks", () => {

diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v1-to-v2.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v1-to-v2.ts
index 065a6b34..e9e23c4e 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v1-to-v2.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v1-to-v2.ts
@@ -19,34 +19,6 @@ const EMPTY_V1_TO_V2_CONTEXT: V1ToV2Context = {
 	mediaTypesById: {},
 };
 
-interface LegacyMediaElement {
-	type: "media";
-	mediaId: string;
-	muted?: boolean;
-	[key: string]: unknown;
-}
-
-interface LegacyTextElement {
-	type: "text";
-	x: number;
-	y: number;
-	rotation: number;
-	opacity: number;
-	[key: string]: unknown;
-}
-
-interface LegacyAudioElement {
-	type: "audio";
-	mediaId: string;
-	[key: string]: unknown;
-}
-
-interface LegacyMediaTrack {
-	type: "media";
-	elements: unknown[];
-	[key: string]: unknown;
-}
-
 interface V2Transform {
 	scale: number;
 	position: { x: number; y: number };
@@ -315,7 +287,7 @@ function transformTracks({
 			const isMain = !isFirstVideoTrackFound;
 			isFirstVideoTrackFound = true;
 			const videoTrack = transformMediaTrack({
-				track: track as LegacyMediaTrack,
+				track,
 				context,
 				isMain,
 			});
@@ -343,7 +315,7 @@ function transformMediaTrack({
 	context,
 	isMain,
 }: {
-	track: LegacyMediaTrack;
+	track: Record<string, unknown>;
 	context: V1ToV2Context;
 	isMain: boolean;
 }): V2VideoTrack {
@@ -354,8 +326,7 @@ function transformMediaTrack({
 			return null;
 		}
 
-		const mediaElement = element as LegacyMediaElement;
-		const mediaId = getStringValue({ value: mediaElement.mediaId });
+		const mediaId = getStringValue({ value: element.mediaId });
 		if (!mediaId) {
 			return null;
 		}
@@ -372,7 +343,7 @@ function transformMediaTrack({
 			rotate: 0,
 		};
 
-		const muted = mediaElement.muted === true;
+		const muted = element.muted === true;
 
 		if (mediaType === "image") {
 			const imageElement: V2ImageElement = {
@@ -442,15 +413,14 @@ function transformTextTrack({
 				return null;
 			}
 
-			const textElement = element as LegacyTextElement;
-			const x = getNumberValue({ value: textElement.x, fallback: 0 });
-			const y = getNumberValue({ value: textElement.y, fallback: 0 });
+			const x = getNumberValue({ value: element.x, fallback: 0 });
+			const y = getNumberValue({ value: element.y, fallback: 0 });
 			const rotation = getNumberValue({
-				value: textElement.rotation,
+				value: element.rotation,
 				fallback: 0,
 			});
 			const opacity = getNumberValue({
-				value: textElement.opacity,
+				value: element.opacity,
 				fallback: 1,
 			});
 
@@ -464,23 +434,23 @@ function transformTextTrack({
 				id: getStringValue({ value: element.id, fallback: "" }),
 				name: getStringValue({ value: element.name, fallback: "" }),
 				type: "text",
-				content: getStringValue({ value: textElement.content, fallback: "" }),
+				content: getStringValue({ value: element.content, fallback: "" }),
 				fontSize: getNumberValue({
-					value: textElement.fontSize,
+					value: element.fontSize,
 					fallback: 16,
 				}),
 				fontFamily: getStringValue({
-					value: textElement.fontFamily,
+					value: element.fontFamily,
 					fallback: "Arial",
 				}),
 				color: getStringValue({
-					value: textElement.color,
+					value: element.color,
 					fallback: "#000000",
 				}),
 				background: {
 					enabled: false,
 					color: getStringValue({
-						value: textElement.backgroundColor,
+						value: element.backgroundColor,
 						fallback: "transparent",
 					}),
 					cornerRadius: 0,
@@ -489,22 +459,26 @@ function transformTextTrack({
 					offsetX: 0,
 					offsetY: 0,
 				},
-				textAlign: (getStringValue({
-					value: textElement.textAlign,
+				textAlign: parseEnum({
+					value: element.textAlign,
+					allowed: ["left", "center", "right"] as const,
 					fallback: "left",
-				}) || "left") as "left" | "center" | "right",
-				fontWeight: (getStringValue({
-					value: textElement.fontWeight,
+				}),
+				fontWeight: parseEnum({
+					value: element.fontWeight,
+					allowed: ["normal", "bold"] as const,
 					fallback: "normal",
-				}) || "normal") as "normal" | "bold",
-				fontStyle: (getStringValue({
-					value: textElement.fontStyle,
+				}),
+				fontStyle: parseEnum({
+					value: element.fontStyle,
+					allowed: ["normal", "italic"] as const,
 					fallback: "normal",
-				}) || "normal") as "normal" | "italic",
-				textDecoration: (getStringValue({
-					value: textElement.textDecoration,
+				}),
+				textDecoration: parseEnum({
+					value: element.textDecoration,
+					allowed: ["none", "underline", "line-through"] as const,
 					fallback: "none",
-				}) || "none") as "none" | "underline" | "line-through",
+				}),
 				hidden: false,
 				transform,
 				opacity,
@@ -538,8 +512,7 @@ function transformAudioTrack({
 				return null;
 			}
 
-			const audioElement = element as LegacyAudioElement;
-			const mediaId = getStringValue({ value: audioElement.mediaId });
+			const mediaId = getStringValue({ value: element.mediaId });
 			if (!mediaId) {
 				return null;
 			}
@@ -762,6 +735,23 @@ function getStringValue({
 	return fallback;
 }
 
+function parseEnum<T extends string>({
+	value,
+	allowed,
+	fallback,
+}: {
+	value: unknown;
+	allowed: readonly T[];
+	fallback: T;
+}): T {
+	for (const candidate of allowed) {
+		if (value === candidate) {
+			return candidate;
+		}
+	}
+	return fallback;
+}
+
 function normalizeDateString({ value }: { value: unknown }): string {
 	if (value instanceof Date) {
 		return value.toISOString();
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v13-to-v14.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v13-to-v14.ts
index 89dde38e..6e152adb 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v13-to-v14.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v13-to-v14.ts
@@ -94,10 +94,7 @@ function migrateSplitMask({ mask }: { mask: unknown }): unknown {
 	const x = (position - 0.5) * Math.cos(angleRad);

 	const y = (position - 0.5) * Math.sin(angleRad);

 

-	const { position: _removed, ...restParams } = params as Record<

-		string,

-		unknown

-	> & { position: unknown };

+	const { position: _removed, ...restParams } = params;

 

 	return {

 		...mask,

diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v26-to-v27.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v26-to-v27.ts
index 3b118ee7..4477d363 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v26-to-v27.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v26-to-v27.ts
@@ -12,19 +12,18 @@ interface CustomMaskPathPoint {
 }
 
 function isCustomMaskPathPoint(value: unknown): value is CustomMaskPathPoint {
-	if (!value || typeof value !== "object") {
+	if (!isRecord(value)) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	const candidate = value as Record<string, unknown>;
 	return (
-		typeof candidate.id === "string" &&
-		typeof candidate.x === "number" &&
-		typeof candidate.y === "number" &&
-		typeof candidate.inX === "number" &&
-		typeof candidate.inY === "number" &&
-		typeof candidate.outX === "number" &&
-		typeof candidate.outY === "number"
+		typeof value.id === "string" &&
+		typeof value.x === "number" &&
+		typeof value.y === "number" &&
+		typeof value.inX === "number" &&
+		typeof value.inY === "number" &&
+		typeof value.outX === "number" &&
+		typeof value.outY === "number"
 	);
 }
 
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v3-to-v4.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v3-to-v4.ts
index 84d97fd8..7a28134b 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v3-to-v4.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/migrations/transformers/v3-to-v4.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import type { MigrationResult, ProjectRecord } from "./types";

 import { getProjectId, isRecord } from "./utils";

 

-const LEGACY_FONT_WEIGHT_MAP = {

-	normal: "400",

-	bold: "700",

-} as const;

+const LEGACY_FONT_WEIGHT_MAP = new Map<string, string>([

+	["normal", "400"],

+	["bold", "700"],

+]);

 

 const VALID_NUMERIC_FONT_WEIGHTS = new Set([

 	"100",

@@ -168,10 +168,9 @@ function normalizeFontWeight({ value }: { value: unknown }): unknown {
 	}

 

 	const normalized = value.trim().toLowerCase();

-	if (normalized in LEGACY_FONT_WEIGHT_MAP) {

-		return LEGACY_FONT_WEIGHT_MAP[

-			normalized as keyof typeof LEGACY_FONT_WEIGHT_MAP

-		];

+	const mapped = LEGACY_FONT_WEIGHT_MAP.get(normalized);

+	if (mapped !== undefined) {

+		return mapped;

 	}

 

 	if (VALID_NUMERIC_FONT_WEIGHTS.has(normalized)) {

diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/opfs-adapter.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/opfs-adapter.ts
index 879223b5..220ee452 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/opfs-adapter.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/opfs-adapter.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,13 @@ export class OPFSAdapter implements StorageAdapter<File> {
 		}
 	}
 
-	async set(key: string, file: File): Promise<void> {
+	async set({
+		key,
+		value: file,
+	}: {
+		key: string;
+		value: File;
+	}): Promise<void> {
 		const directory = await this.getDirectory();
 		const fileHandle = await directory.getFileHandle(key, { create: true });
 		const writable = await fileHandle.createWritable();
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/service.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/service.ts
index a388e807..e8fc26c0 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/service.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/service.ts
@@ -65,17 +65,17 @@ class StorageService {
 			version: 1,
 		};
 
-		this.projectsAdapter = new IndexedDBAdapter<SerializedProject>(
-			this.config.projectsDb,
-			"projects",
-			this.config.version,
-		);
+		this.projectsAdapter = new IndexedDBAdapter<SerializedProject>({
+			dbName: this.config.projectsDb,
+			storeName: "projects",
+			version: this.config.version,
+		});
 
-		this.savedSoundsAdapter = new IndexedDBAdapter<SavedSoundsData>(
-			this.config.savedSoundsDb,
-			"saved-sounds",
-			this.config.version,
-		);
+		this.savedSoundsAdapter = new IndexedDBAdapter<SavedSoundsData>({
+			dbName: this.config.savedSoundsDb,
+			storeName: "saved-sounds",
+			version: this.config.version,
+		});
 	}
 
 	private async ensureMigrations(): Promise<void> {
@@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ class StorageService {
 	}
 
 	private getProjectMediaAdapters({ projectId }: { projectId: string }) {
-		const mediaMetadataAdapter = new IndexedDBAdapter<MediaAssetData>(
-			`${this.config.mediaDb}-${projectId}`,
-			"media-metadata",
-			this.config.version,
-		);
+		const mediaMetadataAdapter = new IndexedDBAdapter<MediaAssetData>({
+			dbName: `${this.config.mediaDb}-${projectId}`,
+			storeName: "media-metadata",
+			version: this.config.version,
+		});
 
 		const mediaAssetsAdapter = new OPFSAdapter(`media-files-${projectId}`);
 
@@ -161,7 +161,10 @@ class StorageService {
 			timelineViewState: project.timelineViewState,
 		};
 
-		await this.projectsAdapter.set(project.metadata.id, serializedProject);
+		await this.projectsAdapter.set({
+			key: project.metadata.id,
+			value: serializedProject,
+		});
 	}
 
 	async loadProject({
@@ -305,8 +308,14 @@ class StorageService {
 		};
 
 		try {
-			await mediaAssetsAdapter.set(mediaAsset.id, mediaAsset.file);
-			await mediaMetadataAdapter.set(mediaAsset.id, metadata);
+			await mediaAssetsAdapter.set({
+				key: mediaAsset.id,
+				value: mediaAsset.file,
+			});
+			await mediaMetadataAdapter.set({
+				key: mediaAsset.id,
+				value: metadata,
+			});
 		} catch (error) {
 			try {
 				await mediaAssetsAdapter.remove(mediaAsset.id);
@@ -501,7 +510,10 @@ class StorageService {
 				lastModified: new Date().toISOString(),
 			};
 
-			await this.savedSoundsAdapter.set("user-sounds", updatedData);
+			await this.savedSoundsAdapter.set({
+				key: "user-sounds",
+				value: updatedData,
+			});
 		} catch (error) {
 			console.error("Failed to save sound effect:", error);
 			throw error;
@@ -517,7 +529,10 @@ class StorageService {
 				lastModified: new Date().toISOString(),
 			};
 
-			await this.savedSoundsAdapter.set("user-sounds", updatedData);
+			await this.savedSoundsAdapter.set({
+				key: "user-sounds",
+				value: updatedData,
+			});
 		} catch (error) {
 			console.error("Failed to remove saved sound:", error);
 			throw error;
diff --git a/apps/web/src/services/storage/types.ts b/apps/web/src/services/storage/types.ts
index 58c14b49..f20b311a 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/services/storage/types.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/services/storage/types.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import type { TScene } from "@/timeline";
 
 export interface StorageAdapter<T> {
 	get(key: string): Promise<T | null>;
-	set(key: string, value: T): Promise<void>;
+	set(args: { key: string; value: T }): Promise<void>;
 	remove(key: string): Promise<void>;
 	list(): Promise<string[]>;
 	clear(): Promise<void>;